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Citrumax

Citrumax is a pre-workout blend of Citrulline Malate and the rare, Carnosise synthesising amino acids Beta-Alanine and Histidine. Citrumax safely increases strength and exercise intensity by significantly delaying the onset of muscular fatigue. Citrumax also contains Citrulline Ethyl Ester HLC, which increases the absorbsion (and effects) of the supplement. Citrumax is ideal for anyone looking to boost muscle growth and strength, through increased training intensity. It is also suitable for athletes looking to enhance high intensity performance, by delaying muscle fatigue (such as footballers, rugby players and runners).

Per serving:
Citrulline-Ethyl-Ester-HCL 1750 milligrams
Citrulline-malate 1750 milligrams
Beta Alanine 1600 milligrams
L-Histidine 500 milligrams
Chelated Magnesium 250 milligrams
Nicotinic Acid 50 milligrams

Citrulline Malate
Intense anaerobic exercise (such as weight training) requires the breakdown of muscle glycogen. As a by-product of anaerobic respiration, Hydrogen Ions (H+) and lactic Acid concentration increase in muscles and the blood. Muscle burn, fatigue and a decline in exercise intensity are all results of an increase in H+ and a lower (more acidic) pH.

Inhibited muscle contraction is also linked to increases in H+ and a low pH. The body relies on bicarbonates to buffer high levels of H+ and the remove of waste products such as lactic acid and ammonia.

Citrulline Malate may stimulate the reabsorbsion of bicarbonates, and therefore increase the anaerobic threshold by delaying the onset of fatigue [1]. Research suggests that Citruline Malate supplementation at a dose as low as 6 grams a day significantly reduced muscle fatigue, increased ATP production by 34%, and caused a 20% increase in Phosphocreatine recovery after exercise [2]. This study concluded that Citrulline Malate may improve aerobic metabolism, cellular energy, and speed muscular recovery.

Beta-Alanine and L-Histidine
The effects of Citrumax on delaying muscle fatigue, is increased by the effects that the amino acids Beta-Alanine and L-Histidine have on carnosine production. Carnosine is thought to be a potent H+ neutraliser, thus it plays a vital role in eliminating this exercise limiting by-product of anaerobic respiration. Carnosine may also stimulate the enzymes responsible for powering muscle contractions (myofibrillar-ATPase).

Because carnosine is a cellular anti-oxidant, it is theorised that increasing carnosine concentrations, may enhance recovery and help prevent muscle injuries, caused by oxidative stress. Research suggests that muscle carnosine concentration may be one of the most important variables effecting high-intensity exercise performance [3]

The research by Y Suzuki showed that high muscle carnosine levels were significantly related to higher power outputs during the latter half of 30 second maximal cycle ergometer sprinting. Beta-Alanine and Histidine are resynthesized back into Carnosine by the enzyme Carnosine synthetase, within muscle cells. It is suggested that Beta-Alanine and Histidine may increase intramuscular carnosine levels as efficiently as direct carnosine supplementation (which is cost prohibitive).

Well respected Creatine researcher Roger Harris has reported that Beta-Alanine + creatine has a greater effect on maximal power, compared to creatine plus whey protein [4,5]. Interestingly, some research also suggest that Citrulline may play a significant role in regulating Nitric Oxide production, growth hormone release, insulin and creatine production, due to it's stimulatory effects on plasma arginine levels.

Magnesium chelate
Some experts believe that magnesium is a highly effective way to enhance and extend the effects of amino acid supplements on muscle size and strength. When minerals such as magnesium become surrounded by and bonded to amino acids, in a stable form, this is referred to as chelation. Chelation is a natural means for the body to transport minerals across the intestinal wall as part of digestion. Experts believe that this may help to enhance absorption and decrease stomach discomfort.

Nicotinic acid
Nicotinic acid is an ATP catalyst, meaning it enhances muscular energy. Because it is a vasodilator, it also increases the delivery of nutrients to muscles, making it an effective muscle recovery supplement.

Citrulline-Ethyl-Ester-HCL
Citrulline-Ethyl-Ester-HCL is a patent-pending form of Citrulline, specifically designed for rapid bioavailability, delivery and muscle blood flow (muscle pump).
Mix one serving (14g) with 200ml of water, and consume 30 minutes before training.Citrumax promotes a rapid increase in muscular strength and endurance. This translates into more repetitions and a higher training intensity. With time, a higher training intensity should elicit greater gains in muscle strength and mass.

1.Fabiato A, Fabiato F. Effects of pH on the myofilaments and sarcoplasmic reticulum of skinned cells from cardiac and skeletal muscle. J Physiolo 1978; 276: 233-5
2.Bendahan D, Mattei JP, Ghattas B, Confort-Gouny S, Le Guern ME, Cozzone PJ. Br J Sports Med. 2002 Aug;36(4):282-9. Citrulline/malate promotes aerobic energy production in human exercising muscle.
3.Suzuki Y, Ito O, Mukai N, Takahashi H, Takamatsuma K: High levels of skeletal muscle carnosine contributes to the latter half of exercise performance during 30s maximal cycle ergometer sprinting. Jap J Physiol 52 199 - 205, 2002
4 Dunnett M & Harris RC: Influence of oral beta-alanine and L-Histidine supplementation on the carnosine content of gluteus medius. Equine Vet J 30: 499 - 504, 1999
5. Harris, R. FASEB. Effect of Combined Beta-Alanine and Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation on Exercise Performance

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